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Styles of Architecture: Homes
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Victorian—Built during the rise of the machine age, Victorian architecture often incorporated decorative details such as brackets, spindles, and patterned shingles. Georgian—Refined and symmetrical with paired chimneys and a decorative crown, Georgian houses were named after English royalty. Queen Anne—Emerging in the late Victorian era, the style employs inventive, multistory floor plans that often include projecting wings, several porches and balconies, and multiple chimneys with decorative chimney pots.
Second Empire—A Victorian style, Second Empire homes feature mansard roofs with dormer windows, molded cornices, and decorative brackets under the eaves. Tudor—Half-timbering on bay windows and upper floors, and facades that are dominated by one or more steeply pitched cross gables typify Tudor homes. Neoclassical—Recognize Neoclassical homes, which exist in incarnations from one-story cottages to multilevel manses, by their Ionic- or Corinthian-columned porches.
Craftsman -Full-or partial-width porches framed by tapered columns, overhanging eaves, and exposed roof rafters differentiate a Craftsman home from the similar California Bungalow. Split Level—A Modern style, Split level design sequesters certain living activities, such as sleeping or socializing. National—Rooted in Native American and pre-railroad dwellings, the National style consists of a rectangular shape with side-gabled roofs or square layouts with pyramidal roofs.
Dutch Colonial—German, or "Deustch", settlers in Pennsylvania originated the Dutch Colonial style, dominated by a barn-like broad gambrel roof with flaring eaves. Gothic Revival—English romanticism influenced this style, marked by "Gothic" windows with pointed arches; exposed framing timbers; and steep, vaulted roofs. Regency—Although they borrow from the Georgian's classic lines, Regency homes eschew ornamentation. They're symmetrical, two or three stories, and usually built in brick. Typically, they feature an octagonal window over the front door, one chimney at the side of the house, double-hung windows, and a hip roof.
A true classic, Cape Cod homes—square or rectangular one-story structures with gabled roofs and unornamented fronts—were among America’s first houses. Shingle—An American style that echoes the Queen Anne, the Shingle style is distinguished by unadorned doors, windows, porches, and cornices; continuous wood shingles; a steeply pitched roof line; and large porches Ranch homes are set apart by pitched-roof construction, built-in garages, wood or brick exterior walls, sliding, and picture windows.
An offshoot of the Cape Cod style, Colonial homes feature a rectangular, symmetric design, second-floor bedrooms, clapboard siding, and gabled roofs. Greek Revival—Large porches, entryway columns, and a front door surrounded by narrow rectangular windows characterize Greek Revival Homes. Saltbox—This New England Colonial style gained the Saltbox nickname because its sharply sloping gable roof resembled boxes used for storing salt.
Federal—This style arose amid a renewed interest in Greek and Roman culture, as its classical ornamentation around cornices, doors, and windows demonstrate. International—The International style exposes functional building elements, including elevator shafts, ground-to-ceiling plate glass windows, and smooth facades. Shed—A subset of the Modern style, Shed houses are asymmetric with multiple roofs sloping in different directions, which creates several geometric shapes.
French Provincial—Balance and symmetry define the French Provincial style, which includes a steep hip roof; balcony and porch balustrades; and rectangular doors set in arched openings. Italianate—Symmetrical bay windows in front; small chimneys set in irregular locations; tall, narrow, windows; and in some cases towers, typify Italianate houses. Stick—Decorative horizontal, vertical, or diagonal boards characterize Stick Houses, which are members of the Victorian family
 

Victorian—Built during the rise of the machine age, Victorian architecture often incorporated decorative details such as brackets, spindles, and patterned shingles.



Styles of Architecture: Arches
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A narrow, pointed opening is the hallmark of a Gothic arch. The Gothic arch developed as a more sinuous and elegant successor to the Roman arch and was widely used in cathedrals of the Middle Ages such as Notre Dame in Paris.
Tudor arches are often described as "flattened" Gothic arches. They feature a point at the crown, but the span is much wider than the Gothic style
A Syrian, or segmental, arch forms a partial curve, or eyebrow, over a door or window. This arch has a slight rise and is semi-elliptical across the top.
A Roman arch is a strong, rounded arch that forms a semi-circle. Often made of masonry, Roman arches still stand in the Coliseum.
A Moorish, or horseshoe arch, extends beyond a semi-circle. The top of the arch is rounded and then curves in slightly before descending.
 

A narrow, pointed opening is the hallmark of a Gothic arch. The Gothic arch developed as a more sinuous and elegant successor to the Roman arch and was widely used in cathedrals of the Middle Ages such as Notre Dame in Paris.



Styles of Architecture: Dormers and Roofs
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Cross Gabled roof Mansard roof
Front Gabled roof Pavilion-hipped roof
Gambrel roof Gabled dormer
Bonnet roof Inset dormer
Salt box roof Hipped dormer
 

Cross Gabled roof



Styles of Architecture: Windows
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Palladian Window Paired Window
Eyebrow Window Bay Window
Hood Mold Window Box Bay Window
Ribbon Window Casement Window
Oriel Window Circle Bay Window
 

Palladian Window



Styles of Architecture: Moulding
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Cavetto
Cyma Recta
Cyma Reversa
Ovolo Moulding
Torus moulding
 

Cavetto



Styles of Architecture: Columns
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Corinthian columns are the latest of the three Greek styles and show the influence of Egyptian columns in their capitals, which are shaped like inverted bells. Capitals are also decorated with olive, laurel, or acanthus leaves. Corinthian columns rest on a base similar to that of the Ionic style.
The Doric column is the oldest and simplest Greek style--its found on the Parthenon in Athens. This column features fluted sides, a smooth rounded top, or capital, and no separate base
Ionic columns are identified by the scroll-shaped ornaments at the capital, which resemble a ram’s horns. The Ionic column rests on a rounded base.
 

Corinthian columns are the latest of the three Greek styles and show the influence of Egyptian columns in their capitals, which are shaped like inverted bells. Capitals are also decorated with olive, laurel, or acanthus leaves. Corinthian columns rest on a base similar to that of the Ionic style.


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